{"id":270,"date":"2016-03-03T00:23:39","date_gmt":"2016-03-02T23:23:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/olgaphone.com\/blog\/?p=270"},"modified":"2026-08-15T17:38:37","modified_gmt":"2026-08-15T16:38:37","slug":"cataracte-definition-cataracte-symptomes-00035","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/olgaphone.com\/blog\/cataracte-definition-cataracte-symptomes-00035\/","title":{"rendered":"Cataracte : d\u00e9finition, sympt\u00f4mes et op\u00e9ration"},"content":{"rendered":"

La cataracte est une opacification du cristallin, la petite lentille situ\u00e9e derri\u00e8re la pupille.<\/strong> C’est l’une des maladies des yeux les plus fr\u00e9quentes : elle touche plus d’une personne sur cinq \u00e0 partir de 65 ans, une sur trois apr\u00e8s 75 ans et pr\u00e8s de deux sur trois apr\u00e8s 85 ans. Bonne nouvelle, et c’est ce qui la distingue de la DMLA ou du glaucome : elle se gu\u00e9rit, par une op\u00e9ration simple et parfaitement rod\u00e9e. D\u00e9finition, sympt\u00f4mes, op\u00e9ration \u2014 voici l’essentiel.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

La cataracte, c’est quoi exactement ?<\/h2>\n

Le cristallin fonctionne comme l’objectif d’un appareil photo : il fait la mise au point en se d\u00e9formant selon la distance de ce qu’on regarde. Avec l’\u00e2ge, ses prot\u00e9ines s’alt\u00e8rent \u2014 probablement sous l’effet des radicaux libres \u2014 et il perd sa transparence. Les rayons lumineux atteignent alors plus difficilement la r\u00e9tine, et la vision baisse. Le mot vient du latin cataracta<\/em>, \u00ab chute d’eau \u00bb : voir \u00e0 travers une cataracte, c’est comme regarder \u00e0 travers une cascade.<\/p>\n

Les sympt\u00f4mes de la cataracte<\/h2>\n

La cataracte s’installe g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement lentement, sur plusieurs ann\u00e9es. Les signes les plus marquants : une baisse progressive de la vue, une impression de brouillard ou de voile permanent, un \u00e9blouissement \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re vive (phares la nuit, soleil), des couleurs qui paraissent ternes ou jaunies, et parfois une vision double d’un \u0153il. \u00c0 un stade avanc\u00e9, la pupille peut appara\u00eetre grise ou d’un blanc laiteux, et la vision se limiter \u00e0 la perception de la lumi\u00e8re. Tout changement durable de la qualit\u00e9 de la vision doit amener \u00e0 consulter un ophtalmologiste.<\/p>\n

Les diff\u00e9rents types de cataracte<\/h2>\n

La cataracte s\u00e9nile<\/strong>, de loin la plus fr\u00e9quente, est li\u00e9e au vieillissement normal du cristallin et touche souvent un \u0153il plus que l’autre. La cataracte secondaire<\/strong> est favoris\u00e9e par certaines maladies (diab\u00e8te mal contr\u00f4l\u00e9 en t\u00eate), certains m\u00e9dicaments (cortisone au long cours) ou des probl\u00e8mes oculaires pr\u00e9existants (forte myopie, glaucome, ant\u00e9c\u00e9dent de chirurgie de l’\u0153il). La cataracte traumatique<\/strong> survient apr\u00e8s une blessure de l’\u0153il : coup, br\u00fblure chimique, chaleur intense. La cataracte de l’enfant<\/strong>, rare, peut \u00eatre cong\u00e9nitale ou li\u00e9e \u00e0 une infection transmise pendant la grossesse.<\/p>\n

L’op\u00e9ration de la cataracte : simple, rapide, efficace<\/h2>\n

C’est le seul traitement \u2014 et il est excellent. L’op\u00e9ration de la cataracte est l’intervention chirurgicale la plus pratiqu\u00e9e en France, avec plusieurs centaines de milliers d’op\u00e9rations par an. Concr\u00e8tement : elle se d\u00e9roule en ambulatoire (on rentre chez soi le jour m\u00eame), sous anesth\u00e9sie locale (des gouttes, pas de piq\u00fbre g\u00e9n\u00e9rale), et dure une quinzaine de minutes. Le chirurgien retire le cristallin opacifi\u00e9 et le remplace par un implant transparent d\u00e9finitif, dont la correction peut m\u00eame \u00eatre calcul\u00e9e pour r\u00e9duire votre besoin de lunettes.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration est rapide : la vision s’am\u00e9liore en quelques jours, avec un traitement par collyres pendant quelques semaines. Les deux yeux sont op\u00e9r\u00e9s s\u00e9par\u00e9ment, \u00e0 quelques semaines d’intervalle. L’intervention est prise en charge par l’Assurance Maladie. Seule surprise possible des mois ou ann\u00e9es apr\u00e8s : une \u00ab cataracte secondaire \u00bb (opacification de la capsule qui soutient l’implant), qui se traite en quelques minutes au laser, sans nouvelle chirurgie.<\/p>\n

Peut-on pr\u00e9venir la cataracte ?<\/h2>\n

On ne peut pas l’emp\u00eacher totalement \u2014 c’est un vieillissement naturel \u2014 mais on peut la retarder : prot\u00e9ger ses yeux du soleil (lunettes filtrant les UV), ne pas fumer, \u00e9quilibrer son diab\u00e8te, et adopter une alimentation riche en antioxydants<\/a> (fruits et l\u00e9gumes color\u00e9s, dont la vitamine C \u00e9tudi\u00e9e pour son r\u00f4le protecteur du cristallin).<\/p>\n

Questions fr\u00e9quentes<\/h2>\n

\u00c0 quel \u00e2ge se fait-on op\u00e9rer de la cataracte ?<\/h3>\n

Il n’y a pas d’\u00e2ge fixe : on op\u00e8re quand la g\u00eane visuelle retentit sur la vie quotidienne (conduite, lecture, t\u00e9l\u00e9vision). La plupart des op\u00e9rations ont lieu entre 65 et 85 ans, mais il n’est jamais \u00ab trop tard \u00bb pour op\u00e9rer.<\/p>\n

L’op\u00e9ration de la cataracte est-elle douloureuse ?<\/h3>\n

Non. Elle se fait sous anesth\u00e9sie locale par gouttes, dure environ 15 minutes, et les suites se limitent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e0 une sensation de grain de sable pendant quelques jours.<\/p>\n

La cataracte peut-elle rendre aveugle ?<\/h3>\n

Non trait\u00e9e, oui \u2014 c’est d’ailleurs la premi\u00e8re cause de c\u00e9cit\u00e9 dans le monde, dans les pays o\u00f9 l’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la chirurgie manque. En France, o\u00f9 l’op\u00e9ration est courante et rembours\u00e9e, la c\u00e9cit\u00e9 par cataracte est devenue exceptionnelle.<\/p>\n

Cataracte ou DMLA : comment faire la diff\u00e9rence ?<\/h3>\n

Les deux touchent les seniors et baissent la vue, mais la cataracte s’op\u00e8re et se gu\u00e9rit, tandis que la DMLA<\/a> touche la r\u00e9tine elle-m\u00eame et ne s’op\u00e8re pas. Les deux peuvent coexister : c’est l’examen ophtalmologique qui tranche. Si une malvoyance persiste apr\u00e8s l’op\u00e9ration de la cataracte, c’est souvent qu’une DMLA est associ\u00e9e \u2014 des solutions existent alors pour vivre avec une maladie des yeux<\/a> au quotidien.<\/p>\n

Sources<\/h3>\n

Cet article d’information ne remplace pas un avis m\u00e9dical. Faits m\u00e9dicaux issus des sources suivantes : Assurance Maladie (ameli.fr) \u2014 La cataracte<\/a> \u00b7 Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise d’Ophtalmologie \u00b7 Organisation Mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 (la cataracte, premi\u00e8re cause de c\u00e9cit\u00e9 dans le monde). Pour toute baisse de vision, consultez un ophtalmologiste.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La cataracte est une opacification du cristallin, la petite lentille situ\u00e9e derri\u00e8re la pupille. C’est l’une des maladies des yeux les plus fr\u00e9quentes : elle touche plus d’une personne sur cinq \u00e0 partir de 65 ans, une sur trois apr\u00e8s 75 ans et pr\u00e8s de deux sur trois apr\u00e8s 85 ans. Bonne nouvelle, et c’est … Continuer la lecture de « Cataracte : d\u00e9finition, sympt\u00f4mes et op\u00e9ration »<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":272,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-270","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-maladie-oeil"],"yoast_head":"\nCataracte : d\u00e9finition, sympt\u00f4mes, op\u00e9ration et r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La cataracte expliqu\u00e9e simplement : sympt\u00f4mes, causes, \u00e0 quel \u00e2ge, et tout sur l'op\u00e9ration, d\u00e9roulement, remboursement, r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration de la vue.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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